| 12.10. | LPD shall be essentially rigid, securely mounted (they shall not be liable to loosening due to vibration in normal use of the vehicle) and, except as regards the parts listed in paragraph 12.11., made of metal or any other suitable material. LPD shall be considered suitable if they are capable of withstanding a horizontal static force of 1 kN applied perpendicularly to any part of their external surface by the centre of a ram the face of which is circular and flat, with a diameter of 220 mm ± 10 mm, and if the deflection of the device under load measured at the centre of the ram is then not more than: | a0c0 |